Founder, CEO
7777Group of Companies

Alexandr has MD in Economics. Early in his career, before relocating to Cyprus, during 15 years he excelled in hospitality business in various management positions before accepting a senior role. After carefully exploring market opportunities and prospects, Alexandr has established in Cyprus the group of companies in transportation sector 15 years ago. To date, the company's car fleet includes more than 120 mini-buses and cars from economy to premium class operating all over the Cyprus. They are engaged in different types of passenger transportation of any number and renting cars. During this time it has established itself as a stability group of companies with far-reaching expansion plans.

Co-Founder, Director,
CDA Group

Alexander has his background as an owner of international business with distribution in 30 countries. More than a 20-year experience in international business was obtained as a co-owner of watch companies with the production and offices in Switzerland, Hong Kong, Moscow and Cyprus. Having his first degree in Management and Finance, Alexander holds an Executive MBA in strategic management as well as MA degree in Business Management. The CDA Group excelled in property development in Cyprus, with substantial turnover and projects being recognized as landmarks of the island.

CEO & Co-founder, Apella Games

Aleksandra Rudis is the CEO and co-founder of Apella Games, an innovative game development studio. With an MBA in Accounting and Finance from the University of Nicosia and leadership experience at Wargaming.net, she has played a key role in shaping the gaming industry.

In a landmark legal victory, Apella Games defended its trademark against Apple Inc., showcasing its resilience and commitment to innovation. Aleksandra was recognized by Forbes Cyprus as one of the 20 Women in Games in 2023 and serves as a Women in Games Individual Ambassador, advocating for gender equality in the industry.

As a speaker at major conferences like the BEST INVEST Congress and Games for Change Summit Abu Dhabi, she shares insights on gaming trends, industry challenges, and the role of Cyprus in the sector’s growth. Beyond Apella, she co-founded Adminza, an AI-driven software company revolutionizing accounting and banking, and serves on the board of Katan Booking, enhancing active tourism in Cyprus through AI solutions.

Founder, CEO, 5Queens

Owner and CEO of 5Queens real estate development company. The company has been operating in Cyprus since 2009. Their projects include design, construction and maintenance of residential complexes and commercial facilities in Cyprus and abroad, offering real estate for private and institutional investors. Alexey Medvedev specializes in startup investment, funds, financing, overseas real estate investment and management of purchased property.

Chief Executive Officer at Cyprus Sotheby's International Realty

A former successful business development manager for one of Cyprus's leading developers, Anastasia is now a CEO and partner of Cyprus Sotheby's International Realty, representing Cyprus in one of the largest luxury real estate brands, with an annual global turnover of $160 billion. Anastasia has over 20 years of experience of working with properties in Cyprus and a degree in real estate, as well as a ceaseless hunger for knowledge, improvement and growth. Under her guidance the company has grown to an internationally recognized agency with dozens of agents, presence in all areas of Cyprus, a confident and counted with player in the local real estate market.

Expert in Hydro Carbon Commodities Transportation and Trading. Former Director and COO of Infracis Group Ltd and Beacon Shipping Ltd.

Since 1991 Anatoli Pilipenko works for a group of companies specialized in railroad transportation, shipping and shore-sea transshipment in Russia and some other countries. In 1994 he was moved to Cyprus to set up the first office of the Group here, which eventually started to manage all operations and became the head office of the Group. In 2012-2019 the operations were further increased with acquiring and developing one of the biggest commercial ports in the Black Sea.

CEO
ATG Fund Services

Andreas has over 30 years of international experience focused oncorporate finance, asset management solutions and global corporate structuring. He is the founder and CEO of ATG Funds (Formerly CEO of the Aspen Trust Group), a financial services group based in Cyprus focusing on International Fund Administration. His experience covers Investment management solutions, administration of alternative investment funds and cross-border investment structures. Mr. Athinodorou is a founding member and on the board of directors of the Cyprus Investment Funds Association (CIFA), Chairman of the Fund Administration Services Committee.

Partner,
Point Nine

Andreas Roussos is a versatile financial, business, and operations executive with extensive portfolio of leadership successes across wide range of organisations – including highly regulated functional platforms. Committed to excellence and continuously surpassing objectives, driving optimal allocation of resources and talents. Adept in development of robust solutions, Andreas Roussos while leading continuous improvements within high-pressure environments. Skilled in forging and cultivating productive relationships with clients and all levels of stakeholders – fuelling revenues and raising organisational recognition to industry leadership. Andreas Roussos is a published author on subjects associated with regulatory reporting and European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR).

CEO, Managing Director
Leon MFO Investments

Leon MFO Investments Limited is a Cyprus Alternative Investment Fund Manager regulated by the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission. Leon MFO Investments Limited provides collective fund management services to alternative investment funds with a primary focus on liquid strategies, as well as bespoke individual wealth management services to clients of Leon Family Office. Andrey is in charge of strategy development and its implementation within the company. Prior to starting Leon, Andrey was a head of Wealth Advisory practice in PricewaterhouseCoopers. Before that Andrey worked as an attorney in Inchcape, The Coca-Cola Export Corporation, Ernst and Young.

Managing Partner, AGP-LAW

Angelos is the Managing Partner of AGP Law and a hugely passionate lawyer. Called to the Bar of England & Wales (2001) and the Cyprus Bar (2004), Angelos has extensive corporate, commercial, litigation and advisory experience primarily on complex corporate and commercial matters, including disputes and injunctions. Angelos has structured and negotiated countless commercial transactions, and having been a true leader and a pioneer of the financial services and fintech industries in Cyprus, he epitomizes the perfect combination. He heads the firm's Corporate and Commercial Practice and is recognized as a leading individual for his expertise in different areas of law. Furthermore, Angelos is the joint head of the FS Regulatory & Fintech Practice of the Firm, representing local and international Tech companies, Investment Firms, e-banks, and FS Institutions. He is an authorized Insolvency Practitioner (Liquidator) and a qualified Trustee.

Founder, CEO
Fiduciana Trust
Life Property Management

Anna is a founder of Fiduciana Trust (Cyprus) - a "boutique" Cyprus trustee and fiduciary services company and Leisure Life Property Management – the company that is specialized on immigration services, and concierge service for ultra-wealthy people and services in property management. She graduated from the Keele University in the UK, with a dual bachelor degree in law and international politics, then completed a legal practice course (LPC) in Chester (UK). She previously studied international law at the Institute of International Relations of Kyiv Taras Shevchenko University (Ukraine). She is a member of STEP, ITPA and IMG (International Migration Council)

Deputy CEO;
Chief Of Business, Bank of Cyprus

Dr. Pouangare has the duty of defining the strategy of all of the aforementioned Divisions under his responsibility in order to achieve the strategic objectives of the Group. He joined the group 12 years ago as General Manager of Retail Banking, since 2013 he is the Director Consumer & SME Banking, since 2019 – Deputy CEO. Charis Pouangare is the Chairman of the Board of IDEA Innovation Center and a Member of the Board of Directors of BOC Oncology Centre, the Cyprus Cancer Research Institute and a member of the Board of Cyprus Employers & Industrialists Federation (OEB).

Managing Director KPMG

Christos Vasiliou joined KPMG Cyprus in 1994. He has been involved with the audit of large financial institutions including major banks, insurance companies and investment funds. In 2016 he was appointed as the Deputy Managing Director and in January 2019, as the Managing Director of KPMG in Cyprus. Mr. Vasiliou also heads KPMG Advisory in Cyprus. Mr. Vasiliou is a member of the Board of Directors of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Cyprus and the Chairman of the Alternative Investment Funds Committee of the Cyprus Investment Funds Association (CIFA)

Director Business Development & Cyprus Branch Manager EFG Bank (Luxembourg)

EFG Cyprus is part of EFG International, a global private banking and asset management group headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland, and has operations in around 40 locations worldwide. Costas is attending ,participating in a number of executive committees of EFG Private Bank UK. Costas has 30 years banking career, prior to EFG he has served in different senior positions in Cyprus and abroad including 11 years at Alpha Bank in Cyprus, where he was Head of International Division and a member of the executive committee. Between 1995 and 2003 he was a Director at London Forfaiting PLC (UK listed company) and London Forfaiting India, with a focus on emerging markets' debt in Central and Eastern Europe and India.

Co-Founder, Director
CDA Group

David has more than a 30-year experience in international business, being an owner of an international business with distribution in 30 countries, a co-owner of watch companies with the production and offices in Switzerland, Hong Kong, Moscow and Cyprus. Being an engineer by the first degree, David holds an Executive MBA in strategic management. Together with his partners, David set up the CDA Group which excelled in property development in Cyprus. One of them – renowned Ararat Grand Residences high-rise development in Limassol that is set to become a jewel of Cyprus.

Independent Financial Advisor, Non-executive Director to a number of companies

(BSc, MSc, MPhil) From September 2011 to September 2021, she was the Chairwoman of CYSEC. During the same period she also participated in the board of supervisors of the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) that contributed in safeguarding the stability of the EU financial system. Also, from November 2012 until February 2021, she was a member of the board of CyPaob which has been established for the oversight of auditors and audit firms. Furthermore, from November 2019 until June 2021 Mrs. Kalogerou chaired the ad-hoc tripartite committee and she was also a member of the four-party committee concerning the investigation of the naturalization of all persons done through the CIP. Additionally, from September 2013 until June 2014, Mrs. Kalogerou has been a member of the Resolution Authority, which supervised the implementation of the resolution of financial institutions in Cyprus. Mrs. Kalogerou previously held the position of a Senior Officer of the CSE and has several years of experience in the financial industry.

Chief Executive Officer, MAP S.Platis Group

Demetris Taxitaris is the Chief Executive Officer of MAP S.Platis, a leading consulting Group in the provision of solutions in international licensing, regulatory compliance, internal audit, risk management, human resources, regulatory technology, information technology, business resilience, information security including cybersecurity, governance, executive training and innovation consulting to regulated and other firms. In the past, he worked at Bank of Cyprus as Head of Asset Management with local and international clients, individuals and institutionals, across all industries. Prior to that, Demetris worked at Deloitte in London where he qualified as a Chartered Accountant, becoming a member of the ICAEW. Demetris is a member of the Boards of Directors of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Cyprus ('ICPAC'), the Cyprus Investment Funds Association ('CIFA') and the Association of Cyprus International Financial Firms ('ACIFF').

Managing director Delema Mccann Cyprus


After her studies in Marketing in London, she started her career in the family petroleum company Petrolina Hellas in Greece. In 1985 she returned to Cyprus and founded DELEMA, one of the largest and most creative communication agencies in Cyprus, affiliated with MCCANN Worldgroup, the largest and most effective communication network in the world. She is the president of SDEK (Communication Agencies Association) and Vide-President of FED (Self-Regulation association). DELEMA is a full-service agency, whose work has been recognised in international competitions (London International Advertising Awards, Ermis Awards and European Digital Communication Awards) as well as in Cyprus (Carob Awards, Digital Awards and Responsibility Awards).

Managing Director
St Raphael Resort and Marina

Farah is a Lebanese-British origin and lives in Limassol. She oversees the whole resort which stands in 43,000 sqm of landscaped gardens on a beautiful Blue Flag beach. A University of Birmingham (BA(hons) in Classical Literature and Civilisation) and University of Surrey (MSc in Tourism Marketing) graduate, she also obtained a certification in Plant-based Nutrition from eCornell and T. Colin Campbell Center for Nutrition Studies.

A wife and mother of three, Farah is also an active vegan and has the platforms 'Cook Vegan' (Facebook, Instagram and YouTube) and Farah's Club where she aims to encourage a healthier and more sustainable way of living for all.

CEO, Cyfield Group

George has been involved with the family business from a very young age, serving in all sectors of the business. Before joining the family business full time, he had worked in the United States and Greece, as a consultant for Navigant and Mckinsey & Company. Upon his return, he led the Group in breaking into the Energy market. George graduated with a Highest Honors Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology (USA) and a Master of Science in Structural Engineering from Stanford University (USA). He is a member of ASCE, ETEK and a member of the Board of Cyprus Employers & Industrialists Federation (OEB).

Partner,
E & G Economides LLC
Vice-Chairman,
Totalserve Management

George obtained his Laws Degree from the University of Westminster. Further to his studies, George has gained extensive experience in accounting, auditing and tax matters with a leading Cyprus accountancy firm. He frequently works with HNWIs and international law firms providing advice in restructurings, investments, acquisitions and disposals of either assets, intangible assets or real estate. His area of focus is corporate, tax, immigration and real-estate and he is also involved in the group's business development, marketing and operational activities.

CEO Superdach LTD, Director Alphanet

Irina has extensive experience in telecom sphere, developing IT products, building a service company. From 2003 to 2020, she was involved in the development of the Novosibirsk telecom operator Novotelecom (Trademark Electronic City). Irina moved to Cyprus in 2021 to undertake the post of the managing director the internet provider Alphanet. The modernization of the network under Irina's management made possible to reach higher speed and reliable connection as well as to increase by 20% the Alphanet's presence zone in apartment buildings in Limassol.

CEO
Windsor Brokers Ltd

Johny Abuaitah is the CEO of the Windsor Brokers Group. With over 30 years of experience in the financial investment world, he was one of the pioneers of the online trading industry in Cyprus and the MENA region by establishing one of the first licensed CIFs that gradually gained worldwide recognition as a reliable financial institution. He has played an influential role in promoting the island as a strategic business hub with great potential, attracting significant FDI to the local economy.

CEO
Turnkey Insurance and
Reinsurance Brokers Ltd

Loukas Benfield is the CEO of Turnkey Insurance and Reinsurance Brokers Ltd, Licenced Agents of BUPA Global. He is a Chartered Insurer, a Fellow of the Chartered Insurance Institute and a Member of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators. In addition, Loukas is the CEO of Turnkey Insurance Solutions a company offering insurance consulting services to corporates and to individuals. Overall, Lօukas has over 35 years experience in insurance. In addition, Loukas is the Honorary Consul of the Republic of Croatia to Cyprus and a board member of the Nicosia Chamber of Commerce.

COO / Business
Development
at Wargaming.net
Co-founder at Indata Labs

Marat spent most of his working life in gaming business. He is in Wargaming since 2004. Now this company is one of the World leaders with 5000+ employees on all continents. Mr. Karpeko is in the list of 50 most influential IT-persons in Belarus. In Cyprus he Co-founded big data and data science startup Indata Labs that was included into 100- best world solutions for big data. Through his private Lemur Foundation Marat Karpeka takes care of nature and animals by providing technologies and financial assistance.

Chief Investment Officer
LEON MFO Investments

Michael has more than 20 years of experience in Wealth Management across all asset classes on global markets: equities, credit, hedge funds, private markets and crypto assets. Michael is also Portfolio Manager for LEON Global Hedge RAIF, a fund of hedge funds with a focus on short-term private credit such as trade finance.

Chief Executive Officer of the M. Target Group

Odysseas Melikides is the Chief Executive Officer of the M. Target Group of companies, established in Cyprus in 2014 and engaged in Accounting, Taxation, Business Consulting, Property Investment and related activities. Odysseas' leadership skills combined with the forward-thinking approach to corporate strategies and the focus on client relationship are backed by extensive experience in international tax planning, corporate structuring, risk management and AML compliance. He specializes in complicated cases and is known as an author of industry-specific publications and analytical articles as well as the speaker at international and regional events, trade fairs and business conferences. Mr. Melikides has been recently elected President of Rotary Club of Limassol. He was also nominated among "New Leaders of Tomorrow" by Crans Montana Forum.

Managing Partner,
Kendris (Cyprus) Limited

Sara Gunnervik is the managing partner for KENDRIS (Cyprus) Limited. She has been active in company law and corporate governance in Cyprus since 2003. Over the years, she has worked for various law firms as well as corporate service providers. She has many years of experience in leading and guiding various kinds of cross-border transactions such as corporate reorganisations and restructurings as well as international financings. Sara Gunnervik was Head of Legal for two international service providers in Cyprus for a decade. She was then Director of Client Services at TMF Administrative Services in Cyprus before joining and forming the company she manages now.

Partner/Principal at
Quonota Investments

Sergey is a serial founder, entrepreneur, and investor, with expertise in the industrial, agricultural, real estate, and financial markets. Sergey has been managing his family assets for more than 10 years. In 2016, Sergey relocated to Cyprus to focus on private investments with his personal vehicle Quonota Investments Ltd. In 2019, he founded St. Gotthard Fund Management AG to manage his private liquid capital markets portfolio. The latest challenge Sergey has accepted was to join the academically intensive and prestigious EMBA program at the London Business School.

CEO of ASG (Andy Spyrou Group)

The main business of the group is car mobility, offering four different options to clients: the option to buy a car via ASGCars, to lease a vehicle via ASG LEASING, to rent a car via EUROPCAR - Cyprus' leading rental company, or take the newest option which is car-sharing with RIDENOW.

Beyond mobility, Spyros is the founder and CEO of Honeywell Events and Honeywell Travel. He is also CEO of Eleven Blue Events which runs the OPAP Limassol Marathon (which Spyros developed into Cyprus' largest mass participation international event) and the RADISSON BLUE Larnaka Marathon.

He served as a member of the Limassol City Council and on the boards of the Cyprus Technology University, the Limassol Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Limassol Tourism Development Company.

He holds an MBA from the University of Kent. He likes reading and traveling.

Founder/Director
GRS Group

Steve has over 20 years experience in recruitment and payroll services and began his career in London in the property and finance recruitment sectors. He is the founder of the GRS Group that includes three companies. 1. GRS Global Recruitment Solutions - the market leading Cyprus based recruitment consultancy – was founded in 2005. Fairfax Yeaman Ltd is specialized in the outsourcing of bookkeeping, accounting, payroll and immigration services. GRS Oil & Gas Ltd provides temporary and contract workers to the energy, oil and gas sector as well as to infrastructure projects in Cyprus and overseas.

Founder,
GEM Group

Sudeep is a Global Business investor and an expert in industrial solutions with more than 30 years experience in the international arena. He is an Associate member of Cost and Management Accountants, and Postgraduate in International Marketing from Delhi School of Economies. He worked on a lot of Industrial projects in East European markets to build turnkey factories and expand industrial plants using modern technologies and equipment. He also has a distribution business of raw material for personal care and household chemicals. He successfully operated one of the Urgent care clinics in Ohio and Michigan, US. He is well connected to India, US, EU, UK, UAE and now he brings the value addition to the companies to establish business relations with this country. Sudeep is an Indian Cypriot who lives in Cyprus and travels most times of the year assisting in business projects abroad.

CEO, Olive Tree Capital Markets

Arsen is CEO of Olive Tree Capital Markets Limited, investment firm regulated by CySEC. Before joining Olive Tree Capital Markets in 2017, Arsen held various positions at international investment banks such as Citibank, UniCredit and Aton.

Arsen's leadership and expertise are highly regarded in the industry, reflecting his ability to drive success and inspire confidence among stakeholders for more than 20 years.

Arsen graduated the Finance University, and also holds CySEC advanced certificate.

Lawyer/Managing Partner I&C Services Ltd

Lawyer, knowledgeable and experienced legal and tax adviser, Marina has master's degrees in law and economics. Throughout her legal career she has practiced a combination of business and family law. Marina has extensive practical experience in corporate and tax law as well as substantial, special competence in maintenance, tax consulting of companies in Cyprus and abroad. Since 2015 she has been the Managing Partner of I&C Services Ltd in Cyprus, providing corporate, fiduciary and legal services to entities and legal&tax support to individuals.

Founder SVG Holding (Honorary Club Member)

Sergey has got over 25 years experience in banking/finance area with prime focus on private equity projects. His professional track-record includes practicing law at KPMG; Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom and Troika Dialog as well as being the Deputy Head of Direct Investment Department at Gazprombank (third biggest Russian commercial bank assets-wise). Sergey has been a Board member at a number of Russian-based companies, including SIBUR, United Heavy Machinery, MOESK, Basic Element, Russian Machines / GAZ Group, Rospechat, NewTech Services. Since 2019 he resigned from Gazprombank to start his own businesses.

CEO & Executive Director Chr. Kapodistrias & Sons Ltd

Constantinos Kapodistrias is the CEO & Executive Director of the family-owned company Chr. Kapodistrias & Sons Ltd, which is the largest automotive parts company in Cyprus, completing 55 years of presence in the Cypriot market. He graduated from the University of Arizona in the USA with a degree in Business Administration (Human Resource Management) and received his MBA degree from the University of Texas at San Antonio in the USA. Constantinos holds the title "Import Parts Specialist" after passing the exams of the AIA (Auto International Association - USA). He has been participating in many conferences, forums and seminars in Cyprus and abroad, concerning the automotive aftermarket industry, the economy, business, etc.

Managing Partner, Navigator Consulting, Investment Advisor, Consultant & Angel Investor

Philip got much experience in corporate finance advisory, business restructuring and corporate growth, wrote many articles for various business publications. Being an investment advisor, Philip has advised on over EUR 6 billion in completed investments across multiple sectors and countries. Keynote achievements include advising on one of the largest privatisations in Greece as well as over 40 major industrial investments in Ukraine, Russia and the former Soviet Union.

Last 10-12 years Philip has had a strong specialisation in tech and e-commerce due diligence, business planning, fundraising, and consulting.

Founder, CEO, Emerald Group of Companies

An Executive with 33 successful years of Canadian and International business experience, in both private and publicly traded companies, in the areas of legal, financial and fiduciary services, financial investments, oil and gas, commodities, as well as construction, development and real estate industries. Spent over two decades arranging trade and project financing facilities with international and local banks and leading finance and accounts departments.

Extensive senior experience in legal, financial and banking matters, budgeting, trade finance, acquisitions, operations, strategic implementation and administration.

Excel in challenging environments. A strong understanding in resolving company and employee challenges with innovative solutions, proven to increase productivity and efficiency, and the bottom line.

Energetic, hands on, team builder and player, confidential, trustworthy, with a passion for excellence and success.

Founder and Executive Director at Mouflon Investment Fund,- Managing Partner, Tangent

Jad Wakil is a professional specialized in real estate investments with background in banking, as well as business consulting and financial advisory. He received a BE in Industrial Engineering and a Master degree in International Business and Management from the University of Westminster. In 2016 Jad Wakil launched Mouflon Real Estate Investment Fund in partnership with two Cypriot and Lebanese partners, initially to invest in revenue-generating real estate assets. The fund currently has €30 million of assets under management in Cyprus. The lisence of the fund was upgraded in 2020 and it is now licensed as a private equity fund, with the objective of growing a range of investments locally or abroad. One of the focuses is to grow company's current portfolio in Cyprus properties because of the numerous opportunities available in the market.

Swissmed Health, CEO

George has more than 20 years experience in the international financial services and business sector. He has spearheaded the expansion of a number of companies from local or regional to being international players. Prior to co-founding the Swiss biological Medicine Center in Cyprus, George co-founded a materials trading company in Qatar which grew quickly to be a household name and within 4 years of operation being acquired by a large UK multinational. Before moving to Qatar, George spearheaded FxPro Financial Services from a local broker into a global player in the FX markets increasing volumes to more than $5bn. He also advised Yahoo Japan FX on its strategy to grow its business outside Japan, through setting up a business in the UK George grew Iron Trust from a local document management company in Cyprus to a regional player in Eastern Europe, and then successfully being acquired by Iron Mountain Inc, the largest document management company in the world.

George started his career as an equity analyst and then moved into sell side brokerage leading into heading the corporate finance department of a large investment house in Cyprus dealing with international clients and investment banks. George is a qualified Chartered Financial Analyst, holds an MSc in Finance from Golden Gate University in San Francisco California and a BA in Accounting and Finance from Southbank University in the UK.

Group Business Development Manager, Lanitis Group

Prior to his current position at the Lanitis Group, Evagoras Lanitis worked at various Family Owned companies. He started working for Amathus Vacation Club straight out of university as a Systems Administrator and later moved to Administration Manager. He later occupied the position as assistant manager at various Subsidiaries of the N.P Lanitis Group for a period of 2 years. In February of 2009 he made a career change, moving into the industry of shipping as a Corporate Analyst for Lemissoler Shipping Group. He served as the Chief Corporate Management Officer at Lemissoler Navigation prior to becoming the Group Business Development Manager at the Lanitis Group.

From 2013 he has been serving as Director of CrownSail Management a subsidiary of Lemissoler Navigation Co Ltd. Evagoras also holds the position of Director at Cybarco one of the largest construction and development companies in Cyprus. Evagoras holds bachelor’s degrees in Business Administration and Computer Information Systems from NEC in the US. He also holds an MSc in IBEM form the University of Edinburgh, Scotland.”